PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian				Pannonian										7.246
				Serravallian				Sarmatian										11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian										12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian							Leine							264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian													Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian													Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian	323.2
				Visean													Chesterian	330.9
																	Meramecian	335.8 *
Osagean					343.1 *
Osagean				Tournaisian	346.7
Kinderhookian				Tournaisian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian			449.5
									Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Oretanian					459.7 *
										Sarka †				461.7 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †				466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian		Dapingian				Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				Arenigian					470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	Tremadocian					477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian												493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian											Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran								Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4	Dyeran											511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran											514
			Montezuman											514.8 *
			Begadean											519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																		635