PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian				Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian				Sarmatian							11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian		66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic		100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian			251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Zechstein					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes					259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Wordian								Noginskian			264.9 *
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Kungurian								Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
				Artinskian						Autunian		Pavlovoposadian			283.5
Rusavkinian				Artinskian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
			Visean	Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pusgillian	449.5
	Caradoc								Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
						Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
						Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian		467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian				Fennian		470
							Whitlandian		471.1 *
							Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Tremadoc		Migneintian		477.7
							Migneintian	Lianghekou †	477.9 *
							Cressagian		480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian			485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian			489.5
		Paibian							Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan			497
									Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
									Boomerangian				499
		Drumian							Undillan				500.5
		Drumian							Floran				503
		Wuliuan							Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian			Branchian	509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3											514
		Stage 3										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600