PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian				0.0117
				Chibanian				Ionian				0.129
				Calabrian								0.774
				Gelasian						MN 17		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16		2.58
				Piacenzian						MN 15		3.2
				Zanclean						MN 15		3.6
										MN 14		4.2
										MN 13		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						MN 13		5.333
				Tortonian						MN 12		7.246
										MN 11		7.75
										MN 10		8.7
										MN 9		9.7
										MN 7 + 8		11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8		11.63
				Serravallian						MN 6		12.8 *
				Langhian						MN 5		13.82
				Burdigalian						MN 4		15.98
										MN 3		16.9
										MN 2		20
				Aquitanian						MN 2		20.44
				Aquitanian						MN 1		22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
							Payntonian		486.8 *
							Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian				Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian				Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian				Idamean		Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian			499
			Drumian				Undillan			500.5
			Drumian				Floran			503
			Wuliuan				Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
							Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
							Ordian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian		Waucoban †	509
										510.8 *
								Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3					Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian							Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau		1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan		1375
												1400