PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Devonian Subages	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian													Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian														Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Gashatan					56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian													66
				Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan													72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian																		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian																Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian																Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian																Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian																Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian																Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian																Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																Chesterian		323.2
				Visean																Chesterian		330.9
																				Meramecian		335.8 *
																				Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian																Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian																Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian													Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
								Middle Famennian														365.3 *
								Early Famennian														368.5 *
Frasnian				Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †			Pirgu	445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Pirgu	449.5
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
	Uhaku										Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Uhaku	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
	Lasnamagi											458.9 *
	Aseri											460.4 *
	Oeland									Kunda		462.9 *
											Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian		Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian								470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian								477.7
								Lianghekou †					477.9 *
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian											Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan										Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan										Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4										Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3										Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																						635