PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan						150
									Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian					Warepan						208.5
									Otamitan						217
									Oretian						221
				Carnian					Oretian						227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian					Etalian						238
				Anisian					Etalian						242
				Anisian					Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian						247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian						249
				Induan					Nelsonian						251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian		Kathwai		251.902
															252.4 *
													Chhidru		252.9 *
									Waiitian						253.2
				Wuchiapingian					Waiitian		Dzhulfian				254.14
									Puruhauan						254.2
													Kalabagh		255 *
													Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian		Midian				259.51
				Wordian											264.28
															265.3 *
									Barettian						266
													Amb		266.1 *
											Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian											266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian				273.01
									Mangapirian		Kubergandian				276
											Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian											283.5
									Telfordian						285
									Telfordian		Yakhtashian				286
											Yakhtashian				288.5
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian							Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian			300 *
				Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian			303.7
				Kasimovian								Dalaun			305.8 *
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
												Huashibanian			318.5 *
												Lousuan			321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Dewunian			323.2
Shangsian				Serpukhovian	330.8 *
Shangsian				Visean	330.9
Jiusian				Visean	335 *
Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †			445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian					470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian					477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †			477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
	Sunwaptan		Stage 10									487.5
	Sunwaptan		Jiangshanian									489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian									493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian							Albertian †		497
		Drumian	Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan									504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran							Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran									514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian										Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau		1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
															1400