PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127777 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan											150
							Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian					Warepan											208.5
							Otamitan											217
							Oretian											221
		Carnian					Oretian											227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian					Etalian											238
		Anisian					Etalian											242
		Anisian					Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian											249
		Induan					Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan			Buntsandstein								251.902
		Changhsingian					Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian					Waiitian											254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan											254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian			Ohre/Aller								259.51
		Wordian					Flettian			Leine								264.28
		Wordian					Barettian			Leine								266
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian											276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian											283.5
							Telfordian											285
																		288.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian														Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian														Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian														Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian														Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian														Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian														Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian														Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														Chesterian		323.2
		Visean														Chesterian		330.9
																Meramecian		335.8 *
																Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian														Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian														Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian															Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian															Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian															Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian															Emsian	393.3
		Pragian															Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Kralodvorian			449.5
									Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo									458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
					Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian						Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian						Arenigian					470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						Tremadocian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	Tremadocian					477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
														Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
														Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																489.5
										Steptoean							493 *
														Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids					Marjumian	Albertian †		497
		Drumian												Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Caerfai		Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4				Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran								514
						Montezuman								514.8 *
						Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																		538.8