PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127749 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian										0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian					Tertiary †					2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian										3
		Zanclean					Waipipian										3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian										3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan										7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan										11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan										11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian										13.82
							Clifdenian										15.1
						Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian										15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian										23.03
							Duntroonian										25.2
							Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
						Arnold	Runangan										34.6
							Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian										41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
							Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan										47.8
							Mangaorapan										48.9
							Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian										56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian										66
		Campanian					Haumurian										72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan										83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
							Mangaotanean										90.5
							Arowhanan										93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan										93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
							Motuan										99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan										100.5
							Urutawan										103.3
						Taitai	Korangan										108.4
		Aptian					Korangan										113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko		Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Chotec		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Chotec		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian									Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †					Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian										470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian										477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian									Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8