PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China				Silurian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian											Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean											Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian										Pannonian	Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian										Pannonian	Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian										Sarmatian	Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian										Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian											Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian											Agenian	20
				Aquitanian											Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian							Bursumian †					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian					298.9
				Kasimovian							Missourian					303.7
				Kasimovian							Desmoinesian					305.9 *
				Moscovian							Desmoinesian					307
Atokan				Moscovian	312.7 *
Atokan				Bashkirian	315.2
Morrowan				Bashkirian	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
					Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
					Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian					425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
					Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †			443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †			445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian							470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian							477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Lianghekou †			477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635