PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean			0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean			0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean			0.014
				Chibanian									Rancholabrean			0.129
				Chibanian									Irvingtonian			0.21
				Calabrian									Irvingtonian			0.774
				Calabrian									Blancan			1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean									Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian									Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian									Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian									Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
													Hemingfordian			16.3
													Arikareean			18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
													Whitneyan			29.5
													Orellan			31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian			33.9
				Priabonian									Duchesnean			37
				Bartonian									Duchesnean			37.71
				Bartonian									Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian									Uintan			41.2
				Lutetian									Bridgerian			46.2
				Ypresian									Bridgerian			47.8
													Wasatchian			50.5
													Clarkforkian			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian			56
				Thanetian									Tiffanian			56.2
				Selandian									Tiffanian			59.2
				Selandian									Torrejonian			60.9
				Danian									Torrejonian			61.6
				Danian									Puercan			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian								66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic								100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian				Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian		Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian							Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian		470
			Tremadocian					Xinchangian		477.7
			Tremadocian					Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635