PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian												66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic												100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Zechstein											254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes		Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
									Filipovian									276.5 *
									Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian					Autunian	Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
									Irginian									285.9 *
									Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian				Gamachian	445.2
								Chientangkiangian				Richmondian	446 *
								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Richmondian	449.5
												Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian						450.4 *
						Mohawkian					Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian									Chatfieldian	453
											Turinian	453.7 *
						Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian						Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian		Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Yiyangian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian									477.7
										Lianghekou †					477.9 *
											Stairsian				480.3 *
											Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian														Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian													Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan													Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan													Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran		514
															Montezuman		514.8 *
															Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																		538.8