PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mammal Paleogene Zones
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Bartonian										MP 16		37.71
		Lutetian										MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Ypresian										MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				168.2
		Bajocian									Humphresianum			168.4
		Aalenian								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
										Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Sinemurian								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
						Toyonian			510 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian			514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
														525.5