PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan				150
								Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian						Warepan				208.5
								Otamitan				217
								Oretian				221
		Carnian						Oretian				227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian						Etalian				238
		Anisian						Etalian				242
		Anisian						Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian				249
		Induan						Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan				254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian						Flettian	Leine			264.28
		Wordian						Barettian	Leine			266
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian				283.5
								Telfordian				285
												288.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Ungurian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Ungurian				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian				Topazan		504.5
										Topazan		505.3
										Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Waucoban †	509
						Toyonian						510 *
						Toyonian				Dyeran		511 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
						Atdabanian				Montezuman		515.6 *
						Atdabanian				Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian						521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian							529
												538.8