PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128028 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian							Leine	Wordian			264.28
		Roadian								Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian									Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian									Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian									Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian									Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian						330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										Emsian	393.3
		Pragian										Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian										Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian							443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian			Bolindian							445.2
			Chientangkiangian			Eastonian							449 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Eastonian							449.5
						Gisbornian							452 *
		Sandbian				Gisbornian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian							458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Darriwilian							466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian			Yapeenian							467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian			Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			Chewtonian							470
						Bendigonian							471.8 *
						Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian										477.7
					Lianghekou †								477.9 *
					Lianghekou †	Warendian							482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian					485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian					497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
													538.8