PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Australia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
				Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian							100.5
										Middle Albian							106.2 *
										Early Albian							109.9 *
				Aptian						Late Aptian							113
				Aptian						Early Aptian							119.5 *
				Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian						Late Berriasian							139.8
										Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
										Early Berriasian							142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
				Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
				Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
				Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian						Late Bajocian							168.2
				Bajocian						Early Bajocian							168.6 *
				Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian							174.7
										Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
										Early Toarcian							182.9 *
				Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian						Sevatian							208.5
										Alaunian							213.2 *
										Lacian							216.7 *
				Carnian						Tuvalian							227
				Carnian						Julian							233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian							237
				Ladinian						Fassanian							239.7 *
				Anisian						Illyrian							242
										Pelsonian							243.8 *
										Bithynian							244.7 *
										Aegean							245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian	Spathian							247.2
				Olenekian						Smithian							248.9 *
				Induan						Dienerian							251.2
				Induan						Griesbachian							251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian													303.7
				Moscovian													307
				Bashkirian													315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †				Bolindian	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian						Bolindian	445.2
						Chientangkiangian						Eastonian	449 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Eastonian	449.5
												Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian								453	Gisbornian
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				Darriwilian	458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			Darriwilian	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian					Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian			Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian					Chewtonian	470
											Bendigonian	471.8 *
											Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian						477.7
								Lianghekou †				477.9 *
											Warendian	482.8 *
											Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian			489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian												494
			Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian									Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan									Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Amgan/Solvan			509
												Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
												Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3									Botomian			514
			Stage 3									Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian							Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau						1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan						1375
																	1400