PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
							Planulata					179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
							Kanense					181.3 *
							Carlottense					182.3 *
							Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae					184.2
							Freboldi					185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian										192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian					443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian			Bolindian					445.2
			Chientangkiangian			Eastonian					449 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Eastonian					449.5
						Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian				Gisbornian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian					458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Darriwilian					466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian			Yapeenian					467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian			Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			Chewtonian					470
						Bendigonian					471.8 *
						Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian								477.7
					Lianghekou †						477.9 *
					Lianghekou †	Warendian					482.8 *
												485.4