PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand					Silurian of England
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian					3
		Zanclean										Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian										Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian										Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian					13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian										Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian					23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian										Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian										Bortonian					41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian										Heretaungan					47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
												Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian					56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian										Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
												Mangaotanean					90.5
												Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan					93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
												Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan					100.5
												Urutawan					103.3
											Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian										Korangan					113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								Pusgillian	449.5
										Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
			Actonian †										453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †										Woolstonian †	454.2 *
			Longvillian †											455.2 *
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Aurelucian				456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian													457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
									Dobrotivian							458.5 *
									Oretanian							459.7 *
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
											Sarka †					461.7 *
					Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			Sarka †					466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
									Arenigian							468
							Arenig			Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian							Fennian						470
										Whitlandian						471.1 *
										Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Lianghekou †			Migneintian					477.9 *
											Cressagian					480.8 *
																485 *
																	485.4