PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China		Silurian of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of France	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian													Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
				Bajocian														Humphresianum	168.4
				Aalenian													Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
																	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
																	Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
				Pliensbachian													Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
				Sinemurian													Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
				Hettangian													Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
				Roadian								Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian											Bursumian †				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Virgilian				298.9
				Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian				Virgilian				300 *
				Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian				Missourian				303.7
											Dalaun				Missourian				305.8 *
															Desmoinesian				305.9 *
				Moscovian											Desmoinesian				307
				Moscovian											Atokan				312.7 *
				Bashkirian											Atokan				315.2
															Morrowan				318.4 *
											Huashibanian								318.5 *
											Lousuan								321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian				Chesterian				323.2
				Serpukhovian							Shangsian								330.8 *
				Visean							Shangsian								330.9
											Jiusian								335 *
															Meramecian				335.8 *
															Osagean				343.1 *
				Tournaisian							Tangbagouan				Osagean				346.7
				Tournaisian							Tangbagouan				Kinderhookian				351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Famennian			358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												Givetian			382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian												Couvinien			387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian															393.3
				Pragian															407.6
				Pragian												Coblencien			408.2 *
				Lochkovian												Gedinnine			410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan												419.2
			Pridoli				Niagaran												422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian															423
			Ludlow	Gorstian															425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian											427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian															430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian											433.4
				Aeronian															438.5
									Alexandrian										438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton											440.1 *
																			440.7 *
				Rhuddanian															440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †			445.2
			Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
			Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian					477.7
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †			477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Wonokan †	Vendian †	571.7 *
																			635