PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Silurian of North America	Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan				150
										Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian								Warepan				208.5
										Otamitan				217
										Oretian				221
		Carnian								Oretian				227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian								Etalian				238
		Anisian								Etalian				242
		Anisian								Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian				249
		Induan								Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
		Changhsingian								Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian								Waiitian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Puruhauan				254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian					Wordian			Flettian	Leine			264.28
		Wordian					Wordian			Barettian	Leine			266
		Roadian					Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
								Cathedralian		Mangapirian				276
								Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian												283.5
										Telfordian				285
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Telfordian				286.1 *
														288.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian						Nealian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean												330.9
		Tournaisian												346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan								419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran								422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
				Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
						440.7 *
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †						443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †						445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian									470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian									477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Lianghekou †						477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan										Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
														538.8