PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian												MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian												MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean												MN 15	3.6
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
														MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian												MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian												MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian												MN 4	15.98
														MN 3	16.9
														MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan		150
													Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian											Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian										Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian											Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian											Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian											Warepan		208.5
													Otamitan		217
													Oretian		221
		Carnian											Oretian		227
		Carnian										Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian	Etalian	238
		Anisian	Etalian	242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai			251.902
						252.4 *
			Chhidru			252.9 *
					Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
			Kalabagh			255 *
			Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Barettian	266
			Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb			266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian							Siegen	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian								Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani		433.4
		Telychian								Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian								Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian								Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian								Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian								Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian								Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
															485.4