PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of Siberia			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean										Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean										Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian										Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian										Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian										Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian										Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian										Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian										Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7								Late Pennsylvanian
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
			Middle Famennian		365.3 *
			Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Chotec		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Chotec		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian			477.7
								Lianghekou †	477.9 *
								Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan			509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
													538.8