PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene				Villanyian						2.58
				Piacenzian				Late Pliocene				Ruscinian						3.1 *
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene				Ruscinian						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene				Turolian						5.333
				Tortonian								Turolian						7.246
				Tortonian								Vallesian						8.7
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene				Astaracian						11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene				Astaracian						13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene				Orleanian						15.98
				Burdigalian								Agenian						20
				Aquitanian								Agenian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene										33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene										37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene										56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
				Wuchiapingian														254.14
				Wuchiapingian									Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Severodvinian				259.51
				Wordian										Urzhumian				264.28
				Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
														Filipovian				276.5 *
														Saraninian				280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian			365.3 *
							Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Couvinien	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien	Pragian	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
			Katian				Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †			445.2
			Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
	Sandbian		453				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian									470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian									477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian								Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian			635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																		1400