PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Carboniferous of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian							Pannonian								7.246
		Serravallian							Sarmatian								11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian								12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan									150
								Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian						Warepan									208.5
								Otamitan									217
								Oretian									221
		Carnian						Oretian									227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian						Etalian									238
		Anisian						Etalian									242
		Anisian						Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian									249
		Induan						Nelsonian									251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan									251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian									253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan									254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian									259.51
		Wordian						Flettian									264.28
		Wordian						Barettian									266
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
			Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		Pirgu	445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pirgu	449.5
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian							470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian							477.7
								Lianghekou †					477.9 *
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort			Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
													Payntonian		486.8 *
													Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Steptoean	493 *									Iverian
		Paibian	Steptoean	Idamean									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Marjumian									Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian											499
		Drumian	Undillan											500.5
		Drumian	Floran											503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	Topazan										504.5
			Templetonian	Delamaran										506.5
			Ordian											507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian										Waucoban †	509
														510.8 *
				Dyeran										511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran										514
				Montezuman										514.8 *
				Begadean										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
																	538.8