PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian of North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian			3
		Zanclean									Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian			13.82
											Clifdenian			15.1
										Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian			23.03
											Duntroonian			25.2
											Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
										Arnold	Runangan			34.6
											Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
											Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan			47.8
											Mangaorapan			48.9
											Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian			56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian									Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
											Mangaotanean			90.5
											Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan			93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
											Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan			100.5
											Urutawan			103.3
										Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian									Korangan			113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian							Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Yiyangian		470
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian		477.7
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian									498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian									509
		Stage 3	Branchian									514
		Stage 3	Placentian									517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8