PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian	66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic	100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian				Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian				Wordian				Leine		264.28
		Roadian				Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian					Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian				393.3
		Pragian						Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †							443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †							445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian									470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian									477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †							477.9 *
												485.4