PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Permian of China	Permian of North America		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Sheridanian						0.0117
				Chibanian							Sheridanian						0.129
				Chibanian							Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
				Calabrian							Cudahyan/Sappan						0.774
				Calabrian							Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean							Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
				Serravallian							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						11.63
				Serravallian							late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
											Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
											late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
												Monroecreekian					23.1 *
												Geringian					24.7 *
				Rupelian								Geringian					27.82
				Rupelian													29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
				Priabonian													37
				Bartonian													37.71
				Bartonian							Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
				Lutetian							Late Uintan/Early Uintan						41.2
				Lutetian							Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
				Ypresian							Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						47.8
											Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				56
				Thanetian									Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				56.2
				Selandian									Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				59.2
				Selandian									To3/To2/To1				60.9
				Danian									To3/To2/To1				61.6
				Danian									Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	Longtanian †	Zechstein	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian			264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian	Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Autunian		283.5
				Longlinian					285.4 *
					Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian					298.9
			Gzhelian						300.1
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
			Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		445.2
			Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
			Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
			Dapingian						Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian				470
			Tremadocian						Xinchangian				477.7
			Tremadocian						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400