PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian of the Salt Range	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Australia	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							Senonian	66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian							Gallic	100.5
							Middle Albian								106.2 *
							Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian								113
		Aptian					Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian								139.8
							Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
							Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian								168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian								168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian								174.7
							Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
							Early Toarcian								182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian					Sevatian								208.5
							Alaunian								213.2 *
							Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian								227
		Carnian					Julian								233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian								237
		Ladinian					Fassanian								239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian								242
							Pelsonian								243.8 *
							Bithynian								244.7 *
							Aegean								245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian								247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian								248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian								251.2
							Griesbachian								251.4 *
						Kathwai	Griesbachian								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai					Buntsandstein				251.902
															252.4 *
						Chhidru									252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru									254.14
						Kalabagh									255 *
						Wargal									256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian									Leine				264.28
															265.3 *
						Amb									266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb									266.9
		Roadian													270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian				393.3
		Pragian			Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Late Cambrian	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10											Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian											Iverian	489.5
		Paibian											Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian											Boomerangian	499
		Drumian											Undillan	500.5
		Drumian											Floran	503
		Wuliuan											Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan											Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian					509	Ordian
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
															538.8