PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian						3
		Zanclean						Waipipian						3.6
								Opoitian						3.7
								Opoitian					Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan						7.246
							Southland	Waiauan						11.04
													Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian												11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian					Shanwangian	13.82
								Clifdenian						15.1
							Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
													Xiejiaan	16.9
								Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian						23.03
								Duntroonian						25.2
								Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
							Arnold	Runangan						34.6
								Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian						41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
								Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan						47.8
								Mangaorapan						48.9
								Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian						56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian						Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
								Mangaotanean						90.5
								Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan						93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
								Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan						100.5
								Urutawan						103.3
							Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian						Korangan						113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					504.5
														509