PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of North America		Ordovician of Britain			Silurian of England	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian													Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian													Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian													Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian													Waipipian				3
		Zanclean													Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean													Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian													Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian												Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian													Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian													Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian				13.82
															Clifdenian				15.1
														Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian													Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian													Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Waitakian				23.03
															Duntroonian				25.2
															Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
														Arnold	Runangan				34.6
															Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian													Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian													Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian													Bortonian				41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
															Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian													Heretaungan				47.8
															Mangaorapan				48.9
															Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Teurian				56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian													Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian													Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
															Mangaotanean				90.5
															Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian													Arowhanan				93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
															Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													Motuan				100.5
															Urutawan				103.3
														Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian													Korangan				113
		Aptian																	117.5
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Leine	264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
					Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
					Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
					Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian							Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
												Cautleyan			448.9 *
												Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							Pusgillian			449.5
			Caradoc								Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
											Streffordian		Berounian		449.7 *
											Cheneyan				451.5 *
											Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
												Actonian †			453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †				455.2 *
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Aurelucian							456.8 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
													Dobrotivian					458.5 *
													Oretanian					459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
														Sarka †				461.7 *
					Hunjiang †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					Sarka †				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian											Klabava †				467.3
													Arenigian					468
						Arenig					Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								Fennian							470
				Whitlandian							471.1 *
				Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian	Tremadoc		Migneintian					Tremadocian			477.7
						Migneintian			Lianghekou †					477.9 *
						Cressagian								480.8 *
														485 *
																			485.4