PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan											150
								Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian						Warepan											208.5
								Otamitan											217
								Oretian											221
		Carnian						Oretian											227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian						Etalian											238
		Anisian						Etalian											242
		Anisian						Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian											249
		Induan						Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Makarewan											251.902
		Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian		Waiitian			Zechstein		Longtanian †						254.14
								Puruhauan											254.2
								Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	Urzhumian				264.28
					Barettian					266
			Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian				Kazanian			Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian			Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian			Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian	276
									Filipovian	276.5 *
			Bolorian						Filipovian	279.8
									Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian		Sarginian			285
							Irginian			285.9 *
			Yakhtashian				Irginian			286
							Burtsevian			287.8 *
							Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
							Uskalykian			294.8
							Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Late Famennian		358.9
										Middle Famennian		365.3 *
										Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian								Late Frasnian		372.2
										Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
										Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Late Givetian		382.7
										Middle Givetian		383.7 *
										Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian								Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian								Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian								Late Lochkovian		410.8
										Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian										Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian										Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian										Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian										Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian										Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian													Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4															Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3															Dyeran	514
																	Montezuman	514.8 *
																	Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																529
																			538.8