PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Permian of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean						Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian														Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian									Tunggurian					Pannonian			11.1
		Serravallian														Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian														Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian									Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian								Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian								Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
						Tatarian	Vyatkian			Laoshanian									256.8 *
							Vyatkian			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	Capitanian		Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian	Wordian		Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian											266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian	273.01
				Filipovian				276.5 *
				Saraninian				280.1 *
				Saraninian		Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
				Sarginian			Longlinian	285.4 *
				Irginian				285.9 *
				Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
				Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian	Zisongian	293.52
				Uskalykian				294.8
				Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
										Lianghekou †		477.9 *
										Lianghekou †		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian			Batyrbaian	489.5
											Aksaian			Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian			Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian												Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian												Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan									Amgan/Solvan			Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
											Toyonian	Lenian †		Toyonian			510 *
											Botomian			Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian			Botomian			514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian									Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
																			538.8