PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of China			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6													0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5													11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian				Cenozoic 3									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2													41.2
				Ypresian				Cenozoic 2										Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1									Gashatan				56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8													66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7													72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6													83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4													100.5
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3													113
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2													121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2													125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1													132.6
				Berriasian				Cretaceous 1													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6													145
				Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5													149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4													165.3
				Bajocian				Jurassic 4													168.2
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3													174.7
				Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2													184.2
				Sinemurian				Jurassic 1													192.9
				Hettangian				Jurassic 1													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4													201.4
				Norian				Triassic 4													208.5
				Carnian				Triassic 3													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian				Permian 3													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2													273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian				Permian 1												Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5												Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †			Pirgu	445.2
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							Pirgu	449.5
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Ordovician 4		Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo			Ordovician 3		Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian					Ordovician 2		Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian	Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian	470
				Latorp †									470.1 *
											Hunneberg		473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						Ordovician 1				477.7
								Lianghekou †					477.9 *
											Varangu		481.3 *
											Pakerort		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5	Niuchehean		Pakerort		Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Paibian								494
		Paibian							Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Cambrian 4	Guzhangian				Wangcunian †		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4	Drumian				Wangcunian †		Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan						Cambrian 3	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian						Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian						Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4							Duyunian						Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3						Cambrian 2	Nangaoian						Dyeran		514
					Montezuman										514.8 *
					Begadean										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian						Cambrian 1	Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian						Cambrian 1	Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																					635