PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian					Tertiary †			2.58
				Piacenzian		Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean		Ruscinian								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian								5.333
				Tortonian		Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian		Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian		Astaracian								11.63
				Langhian		Astaracian								13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian								15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian								20
				Aquitanian		Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian						Autunian				283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
				Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
				Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian					307
				Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian					323.2
Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian		358.9
					Middle Famennian		365.3 *
					Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian		372.2
					Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
					Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian		382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	443.8
			Katian			Bolindian	445.2
						Eastonian	449 *
						Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian			Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	470
						Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian			Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †		497
			Drumian					Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †		Delamaran	509
	Dyeran		Stage 4								511 *
	Dyeran		Stage 3								514
	Montezuman										514.8 *
	Begadean										519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635