PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian					3
		Zanclean					Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian					41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan					47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian					56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian					Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean					90.5
							Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan					93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
							Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan					100.5
							Urutawan					103.3
						Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian					Korangan					113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian		266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		393.3
		Pragian				Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Bolindian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Eastonian		Kralodvorian		449 *
					Eastonian		Berounian		449.7 *
					Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian						458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian			Klabava †			467.3
					Yapeenian		Arenigian				468
					Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian						470
					Bendigonian						471.8 *
					Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian		Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian			Warendian		Tremadocian				482.8 *
												485.4