PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	Villanyian							2.58
					Waipipian	Villanyian							3
						Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian							5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
						Vallesian							8.7
				Southland	Waiauan	Vallesian							11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan	Astaracian							11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian								13.82
					Clifdenian								15.1
				Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian	Orleanian							15.98
					Otaian	Orleanian							18.7
						Agenian							20
		Aquitanian											20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian								23.03
					Duntroonian								25.2
					Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Arnold	Runangan								34.6
					Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian								41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
					Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan								47.8
					Mangaorapan								48.9
					Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian								56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian			Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
					Mangaotanean								90.5
					Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan								93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
					Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan								100.5
					Urutawan								103.3
				Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian			Korangan								113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
							Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
							Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian					458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian			459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Yapeenian	Klabava †			467.3
					Arenigian		Yapeenian				468
							Castlemainian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian				470
			Bendigonian				471.8 *
			Lancefieldian				473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian		Tremadocian			482.8 *
													485.4