PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean		Late Pliocene								2.58
				Zanclean						Yushean		Early Pliocene								3.6
				Zanclean						Baodean		Early Pliocene								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene								5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian									7.246
				Tortonian						Tunggurian	Pannonian									11.1
				Serravallian							Sarmatian	Middle Miocene								11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian						Shanwangian										13.82
				Burdigalian						Shanwangian		Early Miocene								15.98
				Burdigalian						Xiejiaan										16.9
				Aquitanian						Xiejiaan										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian								Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian								Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian									Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									Wordian		264.28
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian									Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Kungurian															Hessian	281.9 *
				Artinskian															Hessian	283.5
				Artinskian														Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
Sakmarian				290.1															Lenoxian
Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Kosovian		443.8
			Katian				Bolindian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
							Eastonian	Kralodvorian			449 *
							Eastonian	Berounian			449.7 *
							Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian						458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian				Yapeenian			Klabava †			467.3
							Yapeenian	Arenigian					468
							Castlemainian						468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian						470
							Bendigonian						471.8 *
							Lancefieldian						473.5 *
			Tremadocian				Lancefieldian	Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian				Warendian	Tremadocian					482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
			Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										Branchian	509
			Stage 3										Branchian	514
			Stage 3										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635