PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian				Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian					300 *
				Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian					303.7
				Kasimovian					Dalaun					305.8 *
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	443.8
			Katian		Bolindian	445.2
					Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
					Warendian	482.8 *
					Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								489.5
							Aksaian				490.7 *
							Sakian				492.2 *
										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								494
			Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
			Wuliuan			Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Waucoban †				509
							Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
						Dyeran	Toyonian		511 *
							Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3							514
						Montezuman			514.8 *
						Montezuman	Atdabanian		515.6 *
						Begadean	Atdabanian		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian		521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400