PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan							150
										Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian						Warepan							208.5
										Otamitan							217
										Oretian							221
				Carnian						Oretian							227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian						Etalian							238
				Anisian						Etalian							242
				Anisian						Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian							249
				Induan						Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan							251.902
				Changhsingian						Waiitian							253.2
				Wuchiapingian						Waiitian							254.14
				Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan							254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian							259.51
				Wordian						Flettian							264.28
				Wordian						Barettian							266
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Kungurian						Mangapirian							276
				Artinskian						Mangapirian							283.5
										Telfordian							285
																	288.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian													303.7
				Moscovian													307
				Bashkirian													315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
				Visean													330.9
				Tournaisian													346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian												Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian												Emsian	393.3
				Pragian												Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian												Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli														419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
			Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian											Gleedonian		427.4
				Homerian											Whitwellian		429.7 *
Sheinwoodian					430.5
Llandovery			Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	443.8
			Katian		Bolindian	445.2
					Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
					Warendian	482.8 *
					Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Datsonian			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10			Niuchehean		Payntonian						486.8 *
			Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		Iverian						489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian			Paibian		Idamean						494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
							Waergangian †/Youshuanian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Mindyallan			Ayusokkanian			497
								Boomerangian			Ayusokkanian			499
								Boomerangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian			Drumian		Undillan						500.5
	Floran		Drumian			Drumian		503
	Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian				Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian				Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian								509
								Toyonian			Lenian †	510 *
								Toyonian				510.8 *
								Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian					Botomian				514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian					Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					Tommotian				521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian									Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian						530.7		Manykaian †
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian								Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau				1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan				1375
																	1400