PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of China			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian						100.5
										Middle Albian						106.2 *
										Early Albian						109.9 *
				Aptian						Late Aptian						113
				Aptian						Early Aptian						119.5 *
				Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						Late Berriasian						139.8
										Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
										Early Berriasian						142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
				Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
				Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
				Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						Late Bajocian						168.2
				Bajocian						Early Bajocian						168.6 *
				Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian						174.7
										Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
										Early Toarcian						182.9 *
				Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
				Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian						Sevatian						208.5
										Alaunian						213.2 *
										Lacian						216.7 *
				Carnian						Tuvalian						227
				Carnian						Julian						233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian	251.2
				Griesbachian	251.4 *
				Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb	266.9
			Roadian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian	Chientangkiangian				Pirgu	445.2
							Eastonian	Chientangkiangian					449 *
								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Gisbornian					Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
													Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Yapeenian	Dapingian							467.3
							Castlemainian								468.5 *
							Castlemainian					Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	Yiyangian							470
							Chewtonian						Latorp †		470.1 *
							Bendigonian								471.8 *
							Lancefieldian								473.5 *
Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian				477.7
								Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Varangu										481.3 *
Pakerort										482.2 *
							Warendian			482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
			Ectasian										1200
			Calymmian										1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
			Orosirian										1800
			Rhyacian										2050
			Siderian										2300
	Archean	Neoarchean											2500
		Mesoarchean											2800
		Paleoarchean				3200
		Eoarchean				3600
	Hadean					4000
																4600