PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of Germany	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Tarantian		0.0117
		Chibanian													Ionian		0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †		Dzhulfian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian						259.51
		Wordian									Midian						264.28
		Wordian									Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian									Murgabian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian						273.01
		Kungurian									Bolorian						279.8
		Artinskian									Bolorian						283.5
		Artinskian									Yakhtashian						286
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian									Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Eastonian		Cautleyan		449 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †		449.6 *
								Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Gisbornian		Cheneyan				452 *
								Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †			456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian				Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
						Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
						Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian							470
						Chewtonian		Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Bendigonian							471.8 *
						Lancefieldian							473.5 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Cressagian					480.8 *
						Warendian		Cressagian					482.8 *
						Warendian							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran	514
															Montezuman	514.8 *
											Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8