PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian				3
		Zanclean					Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian				13.82
							Clifdenian				15.1
						Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				23.03
							Duntroonian				25.2
							Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
						Arnold	Runangan				34.6
							Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian				41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
							Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan				47.8
							Mangaorapan				48.9
							Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian			Senonian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
							Mangaotanean				90.5
							Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan				93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
							Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan			Gallic	100.5
							Urutawan				103.3
						Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian					Korangan				113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian		443.8
		Katian					Bolindian		445.2
							Eastonian		449 *
							Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian					Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian	470
			Bendigonian	471.8 *
			Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
											538.8