PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of the Baltic	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene						Mangapanian				2.58
				Piacenzian			Late Pliocene						Waipipian				3
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene						Waipipian				3.6
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene						Opoitian				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene					Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan				7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene						Waiauan				11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian				13.82
													Clifdenian				15.1
												Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene						Altonian				15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						Waitakian				23.03
													Duntroonian				25.2
													Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian			Early Oligocene										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene										33.9
												Arnold	Runangan				34.6
													Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene						Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian									Bortonian				41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
													Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian			Early Eocene						Heretaungan				47.8
													Mangaorapan				48.9
													Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						Teurian				56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian									Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
													Mangaotanean				90.5
													Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan				93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
													Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan				100.5
													Urutawan				103.3
												Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian									Korangan				113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian	330.9
			Visean		Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		443.8
			Katian			Bolindian		445.2
				Eastonian		449 *
				Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian	Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian	Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian	Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian		470
				Bendigonian		471.8 *
				Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		477.7
				Warendian		482.8 *
				Warendian		Mansian †		483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10					Niuchehean					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian						489.5
										Aksaian				490.7 *
										Sakian				492.2 *
													Steptoean	493 *
Paibian			Paibian					494
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Marjumian			Albertian †		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian						Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian						Drumian		Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran					Wuliuan/Taijangian					506.5
Series 2		Stage 4				Waucoban †		Duyunian					509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
			Dyeran							Toyonian			511 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Nangaoian					514
			Montezuman										514.8 *
			Montezuman							Atdabanian			515.6 *
			Begadean							Atdabanian			519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2						Meishucunian		Tommotian			521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian									Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian			Manykaian †		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau										800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau										1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan										1375
																	1400