PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian											Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian											Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian											Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Villanyian		Mangapanian		2.58
											Villanyian		Waipipian		3
											Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean											Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian													7.246
											Vallesian				8.7
											Vallesian	Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian									Astaracian		Waiauan		11.63
		Serravallian											Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian		13.82
													Clifdenian		15.1
												Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian									Orleanian		Altonian		15.98
											Orleanian		Otaian		18.7
											Agenian				20
		Aquitanian													20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian		23.03
													Duntroonian		25.2
													Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
												Arnold	Runangan		34.6
													Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian											Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian											Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian											Bortonian		41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
													Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian											Heretaungan		47.8
													Mangaorapan		48.9
													Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian											Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian											Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
													Mangaotanean		90.5
													Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian											Arowhanan		93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
													Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan		100.5
													Urutawan		103.3
												Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian											Korangan		113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			264.28
				Barettian			266
						Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
				Mangapirian		Kubergandian	276
						Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
				Telfordian			285
				Telfordian		Yakhtashian	286
						Yakhtashian	288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian				Asselian	293.52
		Asselian				Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
								Xiaodushanian	300 *
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
									Cantabrian	305 *
								Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian								307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian		318.8 *
							Marsdenian		320.2 *
							Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
							Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
							Alportian		322 *
							Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
							Arnsbergian		324 *
							Pendleian		327.4 *
							Pendleian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Warnantian		Brigantian †	Shangsian	330.9
					Warnantian		Brigantian †	Jiusian	335 *
					Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian			Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian			Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian							Bolindian		Pirgu		445.2
									Eastonian		Pirgu		449 *
											Vormsi		449.6 *
											Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
									Gisbornian		Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Keila	Idavere †							453
			Haljala								453.9
			Kukruse								456.4 *
			Uhaku	Aluoja †							457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku			Darriwilian			458.4
			Lasnamagi						458.9 *
			Aseri						460.4 *
			Oeland						Kunda	462.9 *
				Valaste †/Hunderum					Kunda	464.3 *
									Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Yapeenian					467.3
						Castlemainian					468.5 *
						Castlemainian			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian					470
				Latorp †		Chewtonian					470.1 *
						Bendigonian					471.8 *
						Lancefieldian					473.5 *
									Hunneberg		473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg		477.7
									Varangu		481.3 *
									Pakerort		482.2 *
						Warendian					482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian							485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian							497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
															538.8