PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian					3
		Zanclean				Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian					13.82
						Clifdenian					15.1
					Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian					23.03
						Duntroonian					25.2
						Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan					34.6
						Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
						Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan					47.8
						Mangaorapan					48.9
						Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian					56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian				Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean					90.5
						Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan					93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
						Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan					100.5
						Urutawan					103.3
					Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian				Korangan					113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian			Urzhumian	264.9 *
		Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian			Filipovian	276.8 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
				Rusavkinian			Irginian	287.6 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian				323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
		Visean		Venevian				330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian		Chientangkiangian				445.2
				Eastonian		Chientangkiangian				449 *
				Eastonian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
				Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian		Dapingian				467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian		Dapingian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		Yiyangian				470
				Bendigonian						471.8 *
				Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian				477.7
									Lianghekou †	477.9 *
				Warendian					Lianghekou †	482.8 *
											485.4