PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of North America
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian						259.51
		Wordian		Midian						264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian						273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian						279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian						283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian						286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian					300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian					303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun					305.8 *
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
					Huashibanian					318.5 *
					Lousuan					321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian					323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian					330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian					330.9
		Visean			Jiusian					335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian							443.8
		Katian	Bolindian							445.2
			Eastonian							449 *
			Gisbornian							452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian							458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian							467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian							470
			Bendigonian							471.8 *
			Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian			Ungurian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian			Ungurian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian				485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian				489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian				504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
						Toyonian				510 *
						Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian				514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian				521
										525.5