PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of Western Europe			Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
				Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian									100.5
						Middle Albian									106.2 *
						Early Albian									109.9 *
				Aptian		Late Aptian									113
				Aptian		Early Aptian									119.5 *
				Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian		Late Berriasian									139.8
						Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
						Early Berriasian									142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
				Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
				Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
				Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian		Late Bajocian									168.2
				Bajocian		Early Bajocian									168.6 *
				Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian									174.7
						Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
						Early Toarcian									182.9 *
				Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian		Sevatian									208.5
						Alaunian									213.2 *
						Lacian									216.7 *
				Carnian		Tuvalian									227
				Carnian		Julian									233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian									237
				Ladinian		Fassanian									239.7 *
				Anisian		Illyrian									242
						Pelsonian									243.8 *
						Bithynian									244.7 *
						Aegean									245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian									247.2
				Olenekian		Smithian									248.9 *
				Induan		Dienerian									251.2
				Induan		Griesbachian									251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian										Autunian	283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
				Asselian						Kuzel					297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel					298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C				300.3 *
											Stephanian B				300.9 *
											Stephanian A				301.4 *
Kasimovian				303.7							Stephanian A
Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
					Westphalian C			309.8
					Westphalian B			314.6
Bashkirian					Westphalian B			315.2
					Westphalian A			317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian			318.8 *
					Marsdenian			320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
					Alportian			322 *
					Chokierian			323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		Chokierian			323.2
					Arnsbergian			324 *
					Pendleian			327.4 *
			Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †			330.9
				Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian				346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
							Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
							Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian					Bolindian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
								Eastonian	Chientangkiangian			449 *
								Eastonian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
								Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian					Gisbornian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian			Dapingian				467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian			Dapingian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian			Yiyangian				470
			Bendigonian							471.8 *
			Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian				477.7
									Lianghekou †	477.9 *
			Warendian						Lianghekou †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian				489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids						497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400