PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian					Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean					Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean					Yushean					Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean					Baodean					Early Pliocene	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian					Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian					Tunggurian					Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian					Shanwangian					Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian					Shanwangian					Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian					Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian					Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian										Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian										Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian		66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic		100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
				Planulata									179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
				Kanense									181.3 *
				Carlottense									182.3 *
				Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae									184.2
				Freboldi									185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian											192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian	Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian		443.8
		Katian					Bolindian		445.2
							Eastonian		449 *
							Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian					Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian					Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian					Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian		470
							Bendigonian		471.8 *
							Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian					Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian					Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian			494					Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids					497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
													538.8