PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian	3
		Zanclean									Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian	13.82
											Clifdenian	15.1
										Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian	23.03
											Duntroonian	25.2
											Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
										Arnold	Runangan	34.6
											Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian	41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
											Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan	47.8
											Mangaorapan	48.9
											Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian	56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian						Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan							Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean	90.5
											Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan	93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
											Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan	100.5
											Urutawan	103.3
										Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian									Korangan	113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian		Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian		Givetian		Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian					383.7 *
				Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian		Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian				Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian				Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Pragian		Pragian		Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine		Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian						443.8
		Katian	Bolindian						445.2
			Eastonian						449 *
			Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian						467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Bendigonian						471.8 *
			Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian						482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian	509
		Stage 3							Branchian	514
		Stage 3							Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8