PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3											33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3											37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1											56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4											251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †					Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †			Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian	Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3					Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3					Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
										Filipovian					276.5 *
										Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian				Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian				Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian			Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4							Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian					393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian					410.8
					Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian							Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Bolindian								445.2
			Eastonian								449 *
			Gisbornian								452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian							Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3	458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian							Ordovician 2	467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian								468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian								470
			Bendigonian								471.8 *
			Lancefieldian								473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian							Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian							Ordovician 1	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				494						Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4				Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4					Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2							Dyeran	514
													Montezuman	514.8 *
													Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1								529
															538.8