PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian															Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian															Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian															Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †										Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian															Waipipian	3
		Zanclean															Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean															Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian														Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian															Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian														Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian															Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian															Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian															Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian															Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian															Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian															Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian															Bortonian	41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian															Heretaungan	47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
																	Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian															Teurian	56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian															Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian															Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian														Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
																	Mangaotanean	90.5
																	Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian															Arowhanan	93.9
																Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																	Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															Motuan	100.5
																	Urutawan	103.3
																Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian															Korangan	113
		Aptian																117.5
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Wordian		264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian						Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †					303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										Emsian	393.3
		Pragian										Siegen	407.6
		Pragian								Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Kosovian	443.8
		Katian										Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian										Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian												453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
												Dobrotivian				458.5 *
												Oretanian				459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian											Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian									468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †			497
		Guzhangian														Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Branchian	509
		Stage 3														Branchian	514
		Stage 3														Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																		538.8