PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean										0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean										0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean										0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean										0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian										0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian										0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan										1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian										4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian					Clarendonian										9.4
				Serravallian					Clarendonian										11.63
				Serravallian					Barstovian										12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
									Hemingfordian										16.3
									Arikareean										18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
				Rupelian															27.82
									Whitneyan										29.5
									Orellan										31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian										33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean										37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean										37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan										39.7
				Lutetian					Uintan										41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian										46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian										47.8
									Wasatchian										50.5
									Clarkforkian										54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian										56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian										56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian										59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian										60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian										61.6
				Danian					Puercan										63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian	Midian	264.28
			Wordian	Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian	273.01
					Cathedralian	Bolorian	279.8
					Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian				283.5
						Yakhtashian	286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Nealian	Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian		393.3
			Pragian					Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Aurelucian					456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
											Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
									Dobrotivian								458.5 *
									Oretanian								459.7 *
												Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
											Sarka †						461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †						467.3
Arenigian									468
									Arenig	Fennian		468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian		470
										Whitlandian		471.1 *
										Moridunian		474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
										Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †						Poundian †					Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran				Vendian †						Wonokan †					Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																			1400